On Monday, September 25, 2023 at 3:03:54 PM UTC-4, Leroy N. Soetoro wrote:
https://www.yahoo.com/news/jfk-assassination-witness-breaks-silence- 142858952.html
CLEVELAND — He still remembers the first gunshot. For an instant, standing on the running board of the motorcade car, he entertained the vain hope
that maybe it was just a firecracker or a blown tire. But he knew guns,
and he knew better. Then came another shot. And another. And the president slumped down.
For so many nights afterward, he relived that grisly moment in his dreams. Now, 60 years later, Paul Landis, one of the Secret Service agents just
feet away from President John F. Kennedy on that fateful day in Dallas, is telling his story in full for the first time. And in at least one key respect, his account differs from the official version in a way that may change the understanding of what happened in Dealey Plaza.
Landis has spent most of the intervening years fleeing history, trying to forget that unforgettable moment etched in the consciousness of a grieving nation. The memory of the explosion of violence and the desperate race to the hospital and the devastating flight home and the wrenching funeral
with John F. Kennedy Jr. saluting his fallen father — it was all too much, too torturous, so much so that Landis left the service and Washington behind.
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Until finally, after the nightmares had passed at last, he could think
about it again. And he could read about it. And he realized that what he read was not quite right, not as he remembered it. As it turns out, if his recollections are correct, the much-discussed “magic bullet” may not have
been so magic after all.
His memory challenges the theory advanced by the Warren Commission that
has been the subject of so much speculation and debate over the years — that one of the bullets fired at the president’s limousine hit not only Kennedy but Gov. John Connally Jr. of Texas, who was riding with him, in multiple places.
Landis’ account, included in a forthcoming memoir, would rewrite the narrative of one of modern American history’s most earth-shattering days in an important way. It may not mean any more than that. But it could also encourage those who have long suspected that there was more than one
gunman in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963, adding new grist to one of the nation’s enduring mysteries.
As with all things related to the assassination, of course, his account raises questions of its own. Landis remained silent for 60 years, which
has fueled doubts even for his former Secret Service partner, and memories are tricky even for those sincerely certain of their recollections. A
couple elements of his account contradict the official statements he filed with authorities immediately after the shooting, and some of the implications of his version cannot be easily reconciled to the existing record.
But he was there, a firsthand witness, and it is rare for new testimony to emerge six decades after the fact. He has never subscribed to the
conspiracy theories and stresses that he is not promoting one now. At age 88, he said, all he wants is to tell what he saw and what he did. He will leave it to everyone else to draw conclusions.
“There’s no goal at this point,” he said in an interview last month in Cleveland, the first time he has talked about this with a reporter in advance of his book, “The Final Witness,” which will be published by Chicago Review Press on Oct. 10. “I just think it had been long enough that I needed to tell my story.”
What it comes down to is a copper-jacketed 6.5 mm projectile. The Warren Commission decided that one of the bullets fired that day struck the president from behind, exited from the front of his throat and continued
on to hit Connally, somehow managing to injure his back, chest, wrist and thigh. It seemed incredible that a single bullet could do all that, so skeptics called it the magic bullet theory.
Investigators came to that conclusion partly because the bullet was found
on a stretcher believed to have held Connally at Parkland Memorial
Hospital, so they assumed it had exited his body during efforts to save
his life. But Landis, who was never interviewed by the Warren Commission, said that is not what happened.
In fact, he said, he was the one who found the bullet — and he found it not in the hospital near Connally but in the presidential limousine lodged in the back of the seat behind where Kennedy was sitting.
When he spotted the bullet after the motorcade arrived at the hospital, he said he grabbed it to thwart souvenir hunters. Then, for reasons that
still seem fuzzy even to him, he said he entered the hospital and placed
it next to Kennedy on the president’s stretcher, assuming it could somehow help doctors figure out what happened. At some point, he now guesses, the stretchers must have been pushed together, and the bullet was shaken from one to another.
“There was nobody there to secure the scene, and that was a big, big bother to me,” Landis said. “All the agents that were there were focused on the president.” A crowd was gathering. “This was all going on so quickly. And I was just afraid that — it was a piece of evidence, that I realized right away. Very important. And I didn’t want it to disappear or get lost. So it was, ‘Paul, you’ve got to make a decision,’ and I grabbed
it.’”
Landis theorizes that the bullet struck Kennedy in the back but for some reason was undercharged and did not penetrate deeply, therefore popping
back out before the president’s body was removed from the limousine.
This is the most ludicrous part of Landis' story. It is not plausible that an undercharged
bullet could have reached the intended target. A bullet traveling so slowly it would only make a
shallow entry wound would have fallen well short. The only way such a bullet could have
reached the target is if the shooter knew the bullet was undercharged and aimed well high of
the target. Why would a shooter knowingly use such a weak bullet. It didn't happen. It makes
no sense.
Landis has been reluctant to speculate on the larger implications. He
always believed that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone gunman.
But now? “At this point, I’m beginning to doubt myself,” he said. “Now I
begin to wonder.” That is as far as he is willing to go.
A native of Ohio and son of a college sports coach, Landis does not come across as a swaggering security agent. He had to stretch to meet the 5- foot-8 height requirement when he joined the service and could no longer
do so. “I’m too little now,” he said, to make it in today’s agency. He is
quiet and unassuming, dressed in a coat and tie for an interview, his gray hair neatly trimmed. He has a little trouble hearing and speaks softly,
but his mind is clear and his recollections steady.
I doubt his mind is clear and his recollections steady. Some of them make no sense at all.
“If what he says is true, which I tend to believe, it is likely to reopen the question of a second shooter, if not even more,” Robenalt said. “If the bullet we know as the magic or pristine bullet stopped in President Kennedy’s back, it means that the central thesis of the Warren Report, the single-bullet theory, is wrong.” And if Connally was hit by a separate bullet, he added, then it seemed possible it was not from Oswald, who he argued could not have reloaded that fast.
Merletti, who has been friendly with Landis for a decade, was not sure
what to think about his account. “I don’t know if that story’s true or not, but I do know that the agents that were there that day, they were tormented for years by what happened,” he said in an interview.
Merletti referred Landis to Ken Gormley, the president of Duquesne University and a prominent presidential historian, who helped him find an agent for his book. In an interview, Gormley said he was not surprised
that a traumatized agent would come forward all these years later,
comparing it to a dying declaration in legal cases.
“It’s very common as people get to the end of their lives,” Gormley said.
“They want to make peace with things. They want to get on the table things they’ve been holding back, especially if it’s a piece of history and they
want the record corrected. This does not look like a play by someone
trying to get attention for himself or money. I don’t read it that way at all. I think he firmly believes this. Whether it fits together, I don’t know. But people can eventually figure that out.”
Landis’ account varies in a couple of respects from two written statements he filed in the week after the shooting. Aside from not mentioning finding the bullet, he reported hearing only two shots. “I do not recall hearing a third shot,” he wrote. Likewise, he did not mention going into the trauma room where Kennedy was taken, writing that he “remained outside by the door” when the first lady went in.
Gerald Posner, author of “Case Closed,” a 1993 book that concluded that Oswald indeed killed Kennedy on his own, said he was dubious. While he did not question Landis’ sincerity, Posner said the story did not add up.
That's putting it mildly.
“People’s memories generally do not improve over time, and it is a flashing warning sign to me, about skepticism I have over his story, that
on some very important details of the assassination, including the number
of shots, his memory has gotten better instead of worse,” he said.
“Even assuming that he is accurately describing what happened with the bullet,” Posner added, “it might mean nothing more than we now know that the bullet that came out of Gov. Connally did so in the limousine, not on
a stretcher in Parkland where it was found.”
Landis said the reports he filed after the assassination included
mistakes; he was in shock and had barely slept for five days, as he
focused on helping the first lady through the ordeal, he said, and not paying enough attention to what he submitted. He did not think to mention the bullet, he said.
It was not until 2014 that he realized that the official account of the bullet differed from his memory, he said, but he did not come forward then out of a feeling that he had made a mistake in putting it on the stretcher without telling anyone in that pre-“CSI,” secure-the-crime-scene era.
“I didn’t want to talk about it,” Landis said. “I was afraid. I started to
think, did I do something wrong? There was a fear that I might have done something wrong and I shouldn’t talk about it.”
Indeed, his partner, Clint Hill, the legendary Secret Service agent who clambered onto the back of the speeding limousine in a futile effort to
save Kennedy, discouraged Landis from speaking out. “Many ramifications,”
Hill warned in a 2014 email that Landis saved and shared last month.
Hill, who has set out his own account of what happened in multiple books
and interviews, cast doubt on Landis’ version Friday. “I believe it raises
concerns when the story he is telling now, 60 years after the fact, is different than the statements he wrote in the days following the tragedy” and told in subsequent years, Hill said in an email. “In my mind, there are serious inconsistencies in his various statements/stories.”
Landis’ rendezvous with history began in the small town of Worthington, Ohio, north of Columbus. After college and a stint in the Ohio Air
National Guard, he was working in a clothing store when a family friend described his job in the Secret Service. Intrigued, Landis joined in 1959
in the Cincinnati office, where he chased thieves who swiped Social
Security checks out of mailboxes.
A year later, he was sent to Washington, where he joined the protective detail for President Dwight Eisenhower’s grandchildren.
After Kennedy was elected, Landis, code named Debut because of his youth, was assigned to guard the new president’s children and later the first lady, Jacqueline Kennedy, alongside Hill. Because the first lady
accompanied her husband to Dallas that fall day in 1963, Landis, then 28, was part of the motorcade, riding the rear of the right running board on
the black Cadillac convertible, code named Halfback, just feet behind the presidential limousine.
At the first shot, Landis turned to look over his right shoulder in the direction of the sound but spotted nothing. Then he turned to the
limousine and saw Kennedy raising his arms, evidently hit. Suddenly,
Landis noticed that Hill had leapt off their follow-up car and was
sprinting toward the limousine. Landis thought about doing the same but
did not have an angle.
This is how we know Landis didn't hear the first shot because JFK and Connally were hit by
the second shot. Agent Bennett who did hear the first shot scanned the crowd then turned
back to look at JFK in time to see the second shot strike him high on his back. We can give
great weight to his observation because he wrote that in his notes on the flight back to
Washington. At the time, most people were unaware of JFK's back wound because he was
on his back from the time he was taken out of the limo until his body arrived at Bethesda for
the autopsy. That is where the back wound was discovered.
He said he heard a second shot that sounded louder and finally the fatal third shot that hit Kennedy in the head. Landis had to duck to avoid being splattered by flesh and brain matter. He knew instantly that the president was dead. Hill, now on the back of the limousine, turned back and
confirmed it with a thumbs-down.
His initial report only described two shots. His earliest report is the second of the two reports
in the link below:
https://www.jfk-assassination.net/russ/m_j_russ/Sa-landi.htm
Once they reached the hospital, Hill and Landis coaxed the distraught
first lady to let go of her husband so he could be taken inside. After
they exited the car, Landis noticed two bullet fragments in a pool of
bright red blood. He fingered one of them but put it back.
That’s when he said he noticed the intact bullet in the seam of the tufted dark leather cushioning. He said he slipped it into his coat pocket and headed into the hospital, where he planned to give it to a supervisor but
in the confusion instinctively put it on Kennedy’s stretcher instead.
The hospital’s senior engineer later found it when he was moving Connally’s stretcher, by then empty, and bumped it against another stretcher in the hall, resulting in the bullet falling out.
The Warren Commission report said that it “eliminated President Kennedy’s
stretcher as a source of the bullet” because the president remained on his stretcher while doctors tried to save his life and was not removed until
his body was placed in a coffin.
Investigators determined that the bullet, designated Commission Exhibit
399, was fired by the same C2766 Mannlicher-Carcano rifle found in the
sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository. They concluded that the bullet passed through Kennedy, then entered Connally’s right shoulder, struck his rib, exited under his right nipple and continued through his right wrist and into his left thigh.
Doctors concurred that the single bullet could have caused all the damage. But the bullet was described as nearly pristine and had lost only one or
two grains of its original 160 or 161 grains in weight, causing skeptics
to doubt that it could have done all that the commission said it had.
Still, ballistic experts using modern forensic techniques concluded at the 50th anniversary of the assassination that the single-bullet theory was perfectly plausible.
Landis said he was surprised that the Warren Commission never interviewed him but assumed that his supervisors were protecting the agents, who had been out late the night before socializing (Landis until 5 a.m., although
he insisted they were not drunk). “Nobody really asked me,” he said.
Night after night, those seconds of violence in Dallas kept replaying in
his head, his own personal Zapruder film on an endless loop. “The president’s head exploding — I could not shake that vision,” he said. “Whatever I was doing, that’s all I was thinking about.”
Many pictures of those days of mourning show Landis at Jacqueline Kennedy’s side as she endured the rituals of a presidential farewell. With Landis and Hill still protecting her, the former first lady was in
constant motion in the months afterward.
“She’d be in the back seat sobbing, and you’d want to say something, but
it wasn’t really our place to say anything,” Landis recalled.
After six months, he could not take it anymore and left the Secret
Service. Haunted, he moved to Cape Cod in Massachusetts, then New York,
then Ohio near Cleveland. For decades, he made a living in real estate and machine products and house painting, anything as long as it had nothing to do with protecting presidents.
He was generally aware of the conspiracy theories, yet never read a book about them — or the Warren Commission report, for that matter. “I just paid no attention to that,” he said. “I just removed myself. I just felt I
had been there. I had seen it, and I knew what I saw and what I did. And that’s all.”
He did a few interviews in 2010 and thereafter but never mentioned finding the bullet. Then, in 2014, a local police chief he knew gave him a copy of “Six Seconds in Dallas,” a 1967 book by Josiah Thompson arguing that there
were multiple shooters. Landis read it and believed the official account
of the bullet was wrong.
That led to conversations with Merletti and Gormley and eventually, after many years, to his book.
It was not easy. As he finished the manuscript, he stared at the computer screen, broke down and cried uncontrollably. “I didn’t realize that I had
so many suppressed emotions and feelings,” he said. “I just couldn’t stop.
And that was just a huge emotional relief.”
I don't doubt that Landis sincerely believes the things he remembers but the things he remembers
are provably wrong.
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