Study finds socially tolerant monkeys have better impulse control

Date:
June 8, 2023
Source:
University of Portsmouth
Summary:
Socially tolerant species are better at controlling their emotions
and behaviors, according to a new study of one of humanity's
closest relatives.


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FULL STORY ========================================================================== Researchers have tested one of the ideas put forward to explain how
humanity evolved to become smarter, on non-human primates.

The study, led by a team at the University of Portsmouth, found a
significant connection between social organisation and cognitive skills
in monkeys.

They assessed three species of macaques with different social tolerance
levels, from authoritarian to more relaxed societies, in a series of
cognitive touchscreen touchscreen tasks to work out how impulsive and
reactive they were.

Tonkean macaques, which are known to get along with each other the most
with more diverse and complex relationships, demonstrated better overall control of distraction, emotions and actions compared to the less-tolerant long-tailed and rhesus species.

Lead author and PhD researcher, Dr Louise Loyant from the University
of Portsmouth's Centre of Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology
(CCEP), said: "This relationship between social tolerance and cognitive abilities could explain why Tonkean macaques are better at managing
complex relationships with others.

"This is important, as it improves our understanding of our own social evolution. Macaques live in complex communities, not too dissimilar from
our own, and we can learn a lot from them.

"Existing research on human inhibitory control, or self-control, suggests
the better a person is at managing their emotions and reactions,
the more successful they're likely to be in life; whether that be
in relationships, work, or just generally. Our results support this hypothesis." The study, published in Animal Cognition, also highlighted
the influence of ecological factors on self-control skills. Different
risks and environmental pressures faced by each species might have shaped
their behaviours, emotions, and impulsivity levels.

Long-tailed and rhesus macaques living in areas with a greater number
of predators, displayed more reactive and cautious behaviours, while
Tonkean macaques who face lower predatory risk, exhibited quieter and
less reactive behaviours.

The researchers say that both social and ecological factors may jointly influence self-control skills in primates.

Senior co-author, Dr Marine Joly from the CCEP, explained: "A macaque
living in a more competitive environment would benefit from learning how
to contain inappropriate behaviours, like feeding or mating, if they're
around others higher up in the social pyramid.

"But there's also the hypothesis that our closest primate species have
evolved over time to have increased brain size and higher cognitive performances, including better self-control.

"Our findings support both of these potential explanations, as well as
suggest that species living in more complex societies might have better socio-cognitive skills too, including perception, attention, memory and
action planning." The team evaluated the performance of 66 macaques
from two institutions, the Medical Research Council Centre for Macaques
in the UK and the Centre of Primatology of the University of Strasbourg
in France.

While the study provides valuable insights, the researchers acknowledge
some limitations, including the sample size and some prior cognitive
testing experiences among the species. They recommend further research involving a larger number of macaques, as well as a closer evaluation
of an individual's reactions and results.

* RELATED_TOPICS
o Plants_&_Animals
# Monkeys # Animal_Learning_and_Intelligence #
Evolutionary_Biology # Nature # New_Species #
Endangered_Animals # Biology # Behavioral_Science
* RELATED_TERMS
o Bonefish o Gorilla o Cockroach o Manatee o
Cetacean_intelligence o Biological_pest_control o Mouse o
Marine_biology

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Portsmouth. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Louise Loyant, Bridget M. Waller, Je'ro^me Micheletta, He'le`ne
Meunier,
Se'bastien Ballesta, Marine Joly. Tolerant macaque species
are less impulsive and reactive. Animal Cognition, 2023; DOI:
10.1007/s10071-023- 01789-8 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230608121016.htm

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