• Self-propelled, endlessly programmable a

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Thu May 5 22:30:38 2022
    Self-propelled, endlessly programmable artificial cilia
    Simple microstructures that bend, twist and perform stroke-like motions
    could be used for soft robotics, medical devices and more

    Date:
    May 5, 2022
    Source:
    Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
    Summary:
    Researchers have developed a single-material, single-stimuli
    microstructure that can outmaneuver even living cilia. These
    programmable, micron-scale structures could be used for a range
    of applications, including soft robotics, biocompatible medical
    devices, and even dynamic information encryption.



    FULL STORY ==========================================================================
    For years, scientists have been attempting to engineer tiny,
    artificial cilia for miniature robotic systems that can perform complex motions, including bending, twisting, and reversing. Building these smaller-than-a-human-hair microstructures typically requires multi-step fabrication processes and varying stimuli to create the complex movements, limiting their wide-scale applications.


    ==========================================================================
    Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering
    and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed a single-material,
    single-stimuli microstructure that can outmaneuver even living
    cilia. These programmable, micron-scale structures could be used for a
    range of applications, including soft robotics, biocompatible medical
    devices, and even dynamic information encryption.

    The research is published inNature.

    "Innovations in adaptive self-regulated materials that are capable of a
    diverse set of programmed motions represent a very active field, which is
    being tackled by interdisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers,"
    said Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials
    Science and Professor of Chemistry & Chemical Biology at SEAS and senior
    author of the paper. "Advances achieved in this field may significantly
    impact the ways we design materials and devices for a variety of
    applications, including robotics, medicine and information technologies." Unlike previous research, which relied mostly on complex multi-component materials to achieve programmable movement of reconfigurable structural elements, Aizenberg and her team designed a microstructure pillar made of
    a single material -- a photoresponsive liquid crystal elastomer. Because
    of the way the fundamental building blocks of the liquid crystal elastomer
    are aligned, when light hits the microstructure, those building blocks
    realign and the structure changes shape.

    As this shape change occurs, two things happen. First, the spot where
    the light hits becomes transparent, allowing the light to penetrate
    further into the material, causing additional deformations. Second,
    as the material deforms and the shape moves, a new spot on the pillar
    is exposed to light, causing that area to also change shape.



    ==========================================================================
    This feedback loop propels the microstructure into a stroke-like cycle
    of motion.

    "This internal and external feedback loop gives us a self-regulating
    material.

    Once you turn the light on, it does all its own work," said Shucong Li,
    a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
    at Harvard and co-first author of the paper.

    When the light turns off, the material snaps back to its original shape.

    The material's specific twists and motions change with its shape, making
    these simple structures endlessly reconfigurable and tunable. Using a
    model and experiments, the researchers demonstrated the movements of
    round, square, L- and T-shaped, and palm-tree-shaped structures and laid
    out all the other ways the material can be tuned.

    "We showed that we can program the choreography of this dynamic dance
    by tailoring a range of parameters, including illumination angle, light intensity, molecular alignment, microstructure geometry, temperature,
    and irradiation intervals and duration," said Michael M. Lerch, a
    postdoctoral fellow in the Aizenberg Lab and co-first author of the paper.

    To add another layer of complexity and functionality, the research team
    also demonstrated how these pillars interact with each other as part of
    an array.

    "When these pillars are grouped together, they interact in very complex
    ways because each deforming pillar casts a shadow on its neighbor, which changes throughout the deformation process," said Li. "Programming how
    these shadow- mediated self-exposures change and interact dynamically with
    each other could be useful for such applications as dynamic information encryption." "The vast design space for individual and collective motions
    is potentially transformative for soft robotics, micro-walkers, sensors,
    and robust information encryption systems," said Aizenberg.

    The paper was co-authored by James T. Waters, Bolei Deng, Reese
    S. Martens, Yuxing Yao, Do Yoon Kim, Katia Bertoldi, Alison Grinthal
    and Anna C. Balazs. It was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research
    Office, under grant number W911NF-17-1-0351 and the National Science
    Foundation through the Harvard University Materials Research Science
    and Engineering Center under award DMR- 2011754.


    ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied
    Sciences. Original written by Leah Burrows. Note: Content may be edited
    for style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Shucong Li, Michael M. Lerch, James T. Waters, Bolei Deng, Reese S.

    Martens, Yuxing Yao, Do Yoon Kim, Katia Bertoldi, Alison Grinthal,
    Anna C. Balazs, Joanna Aizenberg. Self-regulated non-reciprocal
    motions in single-material microstructures. Nature, 2022; 605
    (7908): 76 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04561-z ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220505205924.htm

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