Pterosaur discovery solves ancient feather mystery

Date:
April 20, 2022
Source:
University College Cork
Summary:
Palaeontologists have discovered remarkable new evidence that
pterosaurs, the flying relatives of dinosaurs, were able to control
the color of their feathers using melanin pigments.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
An international team of palaeontologists has discovered remarkable new evidence that pterosaurs, the flying relatives of dinosaurs, were able
to control the colour of their feathers using melanin pigments.


==========================================================================
The study, published in the journal Nature, was led by University College
Cork (UCC) palaeontologists Dr Aude Cincotta and Prof. Maria McNamara and
Dr Pascal Godefroit from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences,
with an international team of scientists from Brazil and Belgium.

The new study is based on analyses of a new 115 million year old
fossilized headcrest of the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator from north-eastern Brazil.

Pterosaurs lived side by side with dinosaurs, 230 to 66 million years ago.

This species of pterosaur is famous for its bizarre huge headcrest. The
team discovered that the bottom of the crest had a fuzzy rim of feathers,
with short wiry hair-like feathers and fluffy branched feathers.

"We didn't expect to see this at all," said Dr Cincotta. "For decades palaeontologists have argued about whether pterosaurs had feathers. The feathers in our specimen close off that debate for good as they are
very clearly branched all the way along their length, just like birds
today." The team then studied the feathers with high-powered electron microscopes and found preserved melanosomes -- granules of the pigment
melanin. Unexpectedly, the new study shows that the melanosomes in
different feather types have different shapes.

"In birds today, feather colour is strongly linked to melanosome
shape." said Prof. McNamara. "Since the pterosaur feather types had
different melanosome shapes, these animals must have had the genetic
machinery to control the colours of their feathers. This feature is
essential for colour patterning and shows that coloration was a critical feature of even the very earliest feathers." Thanks to the collective
efforts of the Belgian and Brazilian scientists and authorities working
with a private donor, the remarkable specimen has been repatriated
to Brazil. "It is so important that scientifically important fossils
such as this are returned to their countries of origin and safely
conserved for posterity" said Dr Godefroit. "These fossils can then be
made available to scientists for further study and can inspire future generations of scientists through public exhibitions that celebrate our
natural heritage."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_College_Cork. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Related Multimedia:
*
Artist's_impression_of_headcrest_of_pterosaur_Tupandactylus_imperator ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Aude Cincotta, Michae"l Nicolai", Hebert Bruno Nascimento Campos,
Maria
McNamara, Liliana D'Alba, Matthew D. Shawkey, Edio-Ernst
Kischlat, Johan Yans, Robert Carleer, Franc,ois Escuillie', Pascal
Godefroit. Pterosaur melanosomes support signalling functions for
early feathers. Nature, 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04622-3 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220420133623.htm

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