DIY digital archaeology: New methods for visualizing small objects and artifacts

Date:
April 15, 2022
Source:
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Summary:
A new article presents step-by-step protocols for creating
publishable 2D and 3D visualizations. The techniques will allow
anyone to produce high- quality images and models with minimal
effort and cost.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
The ability to visually represent artefacts, whether inorganics like
stone, ceramic and metal, or organics such as bone and plant material,
has always been of great importance to the field of anthropology and archaeology. For researchers, educators, students and the public,
the ability to see the past, not only read about it, offers invaluable
insights into the production of cultural materials and the populations
who made and used them.


========================================================================== Digital photography is the most commonly used method of visual
representation, but despite its speed and efficiency, it often fails
to faithfully represent the artefact being studied. In recent years,
3-D scanning has emerged as an alternative source of high-quality visualizations, but the cost of the equipment and the time needed to
produce a model are often prohibitive.

Now, a paper published in PLOS ONE presents two new methods for producing
high- resolution visualizations of small artefacts, each achievable with
basic software and equipment. Using expertise from fields which include archaeological science, computer graphics and video game development,
the methods are designed to allow anyone to produce high-quality images
and models with minimal effort and cost.

The first method, Small Object and Artefact Photography or SOAP, deals
with the photographic application of modern digital techniques. The
protocol guides users through small object and artefact photography
from the initial set up of the equipment to the best methods for camera handling and functionality and the application of post-processing
software.

The second method, High Resolution Photogrammetry or HRP, is used for
the photographic capturing, digital reconstruction and three-dimensional modelling of small objects. This method aims to give a comprehensive
guide for the development of high-resolution 3D models, merging well-known techniques used in academic and computer graphic fields, allowing anyone
to independently produce high resolution and quantifiable models.

"These new protocols combine detailed, concise, and user-friendly
workflows covering photographic acquisition and processing, thereby contributing to the replicability and reproducibility of high-quality visualizations," says Jacopo Niccolo` Cerasoni, lead author of the
paper. "By clearly explaining every step of the process, including
theoretical and practical considerations, these methods will allow
users to produce high-quality, publishable two- and three- dimensional visualisations of their archaeological artefacts independently." The SOAP
and HRP protocols were developed using Adobe Camera Raw, Adobe Photoshop, RawDigger, DxO Photolab, and RealityCapture and take advantage of native functions and tools that make image capture and processing easier and
faster. Although most of these softwares are readily available in academic environments, SOAP and HRP can be applied to any other non-subscription
based softwares with similar features. This enables researchers to use
free or open- access software as well, albeit with minor changes to some
of the presented steps.

Both the SOAP_protocoland the HRP_protocol are published openly on protocols.io.

"Because visual communication is so important to understanding past
behavior, technology and culture, the ability to faithfully represent
artefacts is vital for the field of archaeology," says co-author Felipe
do Nascimento Rodrigues, from the University of Exeter.

Even as new technologies revolutionize the field of archaeology,
practical instruction on archaeological photography and three-dimensional reconstructions are lacking. The authors of the new paper hope to
fill this gap, providing researchers, educators and enthusiasts with step-by-step instructions for creating high quality visualizations
of artefacts.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Science_of_Human_History.

Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


==========================================================================


Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220415163803.htm

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