Clinical trial reveals new treatment option for COVID-19

Date:
March 11, 2022
Source:
RCSI
Summary:
A clinical trial has indicated an effective treatment for critically
ill COVID-19 patients. The study investigates the effects of using
an anti- inflammatory protein, alpha-1 antitryspin (AAT), to treat
COVID-19 patients who have progressed to acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS).



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A clinical trial conducted by researchers from RCSI University of
Medicine and Health Sciences and Beaumont Hospital Dublin has indicated
an effective treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients.


==========================================================================
The study, published today in Med, investigates the effects of using an
anti- inflammatory protein, alpha-1 antitryspin (AAT), to treat COVID-19 patients who have progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS).

ARDS is a highly inflammatory state hallmarked by airway damage,
respiratory failure and increased risk of death. Treatment options for
COVID-19 patients who have ARDS are particularly limited.

AAT is a naturally occurring human protein produced by the liver and
released into the bloodstream which normally acts to protect the lungs
from the destructive actions of common illnesses.

In this randomized controlled trial, AAT that had been purified
from the blood of healthy donors was administered to patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS, with the aim of reducing inflammation.

The results indicated that treatment with AAT led to decreased
inflammation after one week. The study also found that the treatment was
safe and well tolerated, and did not interfere with patients' ability
to generate their own protective response to COVID-19.

This discovery suggests a potentially important role for AAT in the
treatment of ARDS and other inflammatory diseases associated with
COVID-19.

The study's co-lead author, Dr Oliver McElvaney from the RCSI Department
of Medicine and Beaumont Hospital, commented on these novel findings:
"We know that patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 are more
prone to developing severe inflammation throughout the body, with a disproportionately high rate of progression to ARDS and other serious respiratory issues. We think AAT might be able to provide some protection against the more harmful types of inflammation that arise in severe
COVID-19 and other conditions with a similar inflammatory profile."
Natalie McEvoy, Senior Clinical Research Nurse in the Department of
Critical Care and Anaesthesia at the RCSI and Beaumont Hospital and the
paper's co-lead author, commented: "This study is the first randomized
control trial of AAT for acute respiratory distress syndrome, the first randomized control trial of AAT in the intensive care unit and the first
such trial of a COVID-19 therapeutic in Ireland." Senior author on the
paper, Professor Ger Curley from the RCSI Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care and Beaumont Hospital, noted the national significance
of the study: "It is only through clinical trials we will be able to
determine if new treatments are effective and safe in critically ill
patients with COVID-19. This study is the first Irish-led clinical trial
of a medicine for COVID-19. The rationale for the study, its design
and the recruitment of critically ill patients was all carried out
by researchers from RCSI, Beaumont Hospital and St James's Hospital on
patients here in Ireland." Professor Gerry McElvaney, RCSI Department of Medicine and Beaumont Hospital, and senior author on the paper, commented: "These early results are encouraging, and will we hope form the basis
for a larger trial to see how much of an effect reducing inflammation
using AAT has on clinical outcomes such as mortality." The study was a collaboration between RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Beaumont Hospital, Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by RCSI. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Oliver J. McElvaney, Natalie L. McEvoy, Fiona Boland, Oisi'n F.

McElvaney, Grace Hogan, Karen Donnelly, Oisi'n Friel, Emmet Browne,
Daniel D. Fraughen, Mark P. Murphy, Jennifer Clarke, Orna Ni'
Choilea'in, Eoin O'Connor, Rory McGuinness, Maria Boylan, Alan
Kelly, John C. Hayden, Ann M. Collins, Ailbhe Cullen, Deirdre
Hyland, Toma's P. Carroll, Pierce Geoghegan, John G. Laffey,
Martina Hennessey, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Noel G. McElvaney,
Gerard F. Curley. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled
trial of intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin for acute respiratory
distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Med, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/
j.medj.2022.03.001 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220311115344.htm

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