• Event horizons are tunable factories of

    From ScienceDaily@1:317/3 to All on Fri Mar 4 21:30:34 2022
    Event horizons are tunable factories of quantum entanglement
    Physicists' research findings open a promising avenue for confirming the quantum origin of the Hawking radiation

    Date:
    March 4, 2022
    Source:
    Louisiana State University
    Summary:
    Physicists have leveraged quantum information theory techniques
    to reveal a mechanism for amplifying, or 'stimulating,' the
    production of entanglement in the Hawking effect in a controlled
    manner. Furthermore, these scientists propose a protocol for
    testing this idea in the laboratory using artificially produced
    event horizons.



    FULL STORY ==========================================================================
    LSU physicists have leveraged quantum information theory techniques to
    reveal a mechanism for amplifying, or "stimulating," the production of entanglement in the Hawking effect in a controlled manner. Furthermore,
    these scientists propose a protocol for testing this idea in the
    laboratory using artificially produced event horizons. These results have
    been recently published in Physical Review Letters, "Quantum aspects
    of stimulated Hawking radiation in an analog white-black hole pair,"
    where Ivan Agullo, Anthony J. Brady and Dimitrios Kranas present these
    ideas and apply them to optical systems containing the analog of a pair white-black hole.


    ========================================================================== Black holes are some of the most mystifying objects in our universe,
    largely due to the fact that their inner-workings are hidden behind a completely obscuring veil -- the black hole's event horizon.

    In 1974, Stephen Hawking added more mystique to the character of black
    holes by showing that, once quantum effects are considered, a black
    hole isn't really black at all but, instead, emits radiation, as if
    it was a hot body, gradually losing mass in the so-called "Hawking
    evaporation process." Further, Hawking's calculations showed that the
    emitted radiation is quantum mechanically entangled with the bowels of
    the black hole itself. This entanglement is the quantum signature of the Hawking effect. This astounding result is difficult, if not impossible,
    to be tested on astrophysical black holes, since the faint Hawking
    radiation gets overshined by other sources of radiation in the cosmos.

    On the other hand, in the 1980's, a seminal article by William Unruh established that the spontaneous production of entangled Hawking particles occurs in any system that can support an effective event horizon. Such
    systems generally fall under the umbrella of "analog gravity systems"
    and opened a window for testing Hawking's ideas in the laboratory.

    Serious experimental investigations into analog gravity systems --
    made of Bose-Einstein condensates, non-linear optical fibers, or even
    flowing water - - have been underway for more than a decade. Stimulated
    and spontaneously- generated Hawking radiation has recently been observed
    in several platforms, but measuring entanglement has proved elusive due
    to its faint and fragile character.

    "We show that, by illuminating the horizon, or horizons, with
    appropriately chosen quantum states, one can amplify the production of entanglement in Hawking's process in a tunable manner," said Associate Professor Ivan Agullo.

    "As an example, we apply these ideas to the concrete case of a pair
    of analog white-black holes sharing an interior and produced within a non-linear optical material." "Many of the quantum information tools used
    in this research were from my graduate research with Professor Jonathan
    P. Dowling," said 2021 PhD alumnus Anthony Brady, postdoctoral researcher
    at the University of Arizona. "Jon was a charismatic character, and he
    brought his charisma and unconventionality into his science, as well as
    his advising. He encouraged me to work on eccentric ideas, like analog
    black holes, and see if I could meld techniques from various fields of
    physics -- like quantum information and analog gravity -- in order to
    produce something novel, or 'cute,' as he liked to say." "The Hawking
    process is one of the richest physical phenomena connecting seemingly
    unrelated fields of physics from the quantum theory to thermodynamics and relativity," said Dimitrios Kranas, LSU graduate student. "Analog black
    holes came to add an extra flavor to the effect providing us, at the same
    time, with the exciting possibility of testing it in the laboratory. Our detailed numerical analysis allows us to probe new features of the
    Hawking process, helping us understand better the similarities
    and differences between astrophysical and analog black holes." ========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Louisiana_State_University. Note:
    Content may be edited for style and length.


    ========================================================================== Journal Reference:
    1. Ivan Agullo, Anthony J. Brady, Dimitrios Kranas. Quantum Aspects of
    Stimulated Hawking Radiation in an Optical Analog White-Black
    Hole Pair.

    Physical Review Letters, 2022; 128 (9) DOI: 10.1103/
    PhysRevLett.128.091301 ==========================================================================

    Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220304182946.htm

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