Hi all,

would like to post the grub2 menu list but I would need a command - if it exist - to do that.I do not understand why there are so many entries
which I do not understand...
The grub.cfg file is very long and can not paste it here

TIA

--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: Aioe.org NNTP Server (2:250/1@fidonet)

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

would like to post the grub2 menu list but I would need a command - if it exist - to do that.I do not understand why there are so many entries
which I do not understand...
The grub.cfg file is very long and can not paste it here

The first cause of a large grub menu list/entries is do to the number
of installed kernels on all partitions.

If you have five kernels installed on mga7 and three kernels on
mga8 that gets you the eight menu basic menu entries.
Then there is a sub menu for each kernel.

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.


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On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 20:39:23 -0500, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
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On 2021-03-21, santo <nanci@auroville.org.in> wrote:

On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 20:39:23 -0500, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from Ubuntu pages...

rpm -qa|grep kernel

Choose the ones you want to eliminate

urpme kernel-desktop-5.10.19-3.mga7-1-1.mga7 kernel-desktop-5.7.19-3.mga7-1-1.mga7
or whatever kernels you want to get rid of.

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On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:47:14 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 20:39:23 -0500, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Sounds like you did not have enough key words. You might something like
remove kernels mageia


As root, you can use the Mageia Control Center (mcc)
mcc->Software Management->Install & Remove Software

put kernel in the url/search box and uncheck the kernel(s) you want
removed.


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
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On 3/20/21 10:54 PM, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:47:14 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 20:39:23 -0500, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Sounds like you did not have enough key words. You might something like
remove kernels mageia

As root, you can use the Mageia Control Center (mcc)
mcc->Software Management->Install & Remove Software

put kernel in the url/search box and uncheck the kernel(s) you want
removed.

You can narrow the results of that search to something more relevant by changing the second box from the left from "All" to "Installed." That
will show only those kernels that are actually installed, so you don't
have to scroll through a lengthy list to find them.

TJ

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On 22/3/21 4:10 am, TJ wrote:

You can narrow the results of that search to something more relevant by changing the second box from the left from "All" to "Installed." That
will show only those kernels that are actually installed, so you don't
have to scroll through a lengthy list to find them.

TJ

Nice tip , TJ

regards


--
faeychild
Running plasmashell 5.15.4 on 5.10.8-desktop-2.mga7 kernel.
Mageia release 7 (Official) for x86_64 installed via Mageia-7-x86_64-DVD.iso


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
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On 22/3/21 4:10 am, TJ wrote:

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Yes, ubuntu (and some other distros) have a command to uninstall the
oldest kernels, usually keeping the 2 most recent ones. Mageia doesn't
have such a command, but I am sure that a shell script could be written, something that says basically "If more than 2 kernels are installed,
uninstall the oldest until only 2 remain."

I keep 2 kernels, Every time I install a third one, I open rpmdrake to uninstall the oldest and its -devel package.

--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
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On 2021-03-23, Doug Laidlaw <laidlaws@hotkey.net.au> wrote:

On 22/3/21 4:10 am, TJ wrote:

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Yes, ubuntu (and some other distros) have a command to uninstall the
oldest kernels, usually keeping the 2 most recent ones. Mageia doesn't
have such a command, but I am sure that a shell script could be written, something that says basically "If more than 2 kernels are installed, uninstall the oldest until only 2 remain."

I keep 2 kernels, Every time I install a third one, I open rpmdrake to uninstall the oldest and its -devel package.

That is probably better. It may be that the second kernel was a dud as
well. You want to make sure that you keep well tested working kernel as
a backup, not some flakey test that you did at 3AM after a party, and
replaced the next morning because it never worked. Having that as your
backup is pretty pointless.


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* Origin: A noiseless patient Spider (2:250/1@fidonet)

On 3/23/21 12:50 PM, William Unruh wrote:

On 2021-03-23, Doug Laidlaw <laidlaws@hotkey.net.au> wrote:

On 22/3/21 4:10 am, TJ wrote:

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Yes, ubuntu (and some other distros) have a command to uninstall the
oldest kernels, usually keeping the 2 most recent ones. Mageia doesn't
have such a command, but I am sure that a shell script could be written,
something that says basically "If more than 2 kernels are installed,
uninstall the oldest until only 2 remain."

I keep 2 kernels, Every time I install a third one, I open rpmdrake to
uninstall the oldest and its -devel package.

That is probably better. It may be that the second kernel was a dud as
well. You want to make sure that you keep well tested working kernel as
a backup, not some flakey test that you did at 3AM after a party, and replaced the next morning because it never worked. Having that as your
backup is pretty pointless.

As a QA tester, by the time a new kernel is released I've usually been
running it long enough to know that it will work OK with my hardware,
and I've seen reports from other testers on other hardware. If the test
kernel doesn't work for one of the testers, the problem has been
reported, and fixed, before that release.

Consequently, every once in a while I'll remove all kernels from before
the latest released one. So far, that's worked just fine for me. The
last released kernel that I remember messing up on me was with Mandriva,
years before Mageia existed.

Of course, that may not work for everybody, because while the hardware
sample available to QA may be fairly broad, it has its limits. We don't
have the hardware to test every possible configuration.

TJ

--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
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On 23/03/2021 16:02, Doug Laidlaw wrote:

On 22/3/21 4:10 am, TJ wrote:

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

Yes, ubuntu (and some other distros) have a command to uninstall the
oldest kernels, usually keeping the 2 most recent ones.  Mageia doesn't have such a command, but I am sure that a shell script could be written, something that says basically "If more than 2 kernels are installed, uninstall the oldest until only 2 remain."

I keep 2 kernels, Every time I install a third one, I open rpmdrake to uninstall the oldest and its -devel package.

David Hodgins posted a script some time ago. here it is:

#!/bin/bash
# Set number of packages to keep. Must be 1 or greater
declare -i NumberOfVersionsToKeep=3
set -u
ListInstalledPackages() {
LatestPrefixStart="${LatestPrefix%%-*}"
if [ "virtualbox" == "${LatestPrefixStart}" ] ; then
PackagePrefix="virtualbox-kernel"
elif [ "vboxadditions" == "${LatestPrefixStart}" ] ; then
PackagePrefix="vboxadditions-kernel"
elif [ "xtables" == "${LatestPrefixStart}" ] ; then
PackagePrefix="xtables-addons-kernel"
else
PackagePrefix="$LatestPrefix"
fi
RpmOutputLines=($(rpm -qa $PackagePrefix-[0-9]*|sort -V))
PackageCount=${#RpmOutputLines[@]}
if (( $PackageCount > $NumberOfVersionsToKeep )) ; then
LinesKeep=$(( $PackageCount - $NumberOfVersionsToKeep ))
RemoveListNew=("$(printf "%s\n" "${RpmOutputLines[@]}"|head -n $LinesKeep)")
RemoveList=(${RemoveList[@]-} ${RemoveListNew[@]})
fi
}
ProcessLatest() {
x="${LatestPackage%-*}" # strip last hyphen and following (removes
rpm Release)
x="${x%-*}" # strip last hyphen and following (removes rpm Version')
LatestPrefix="${x%-*}" # strip last hyphen and following (removes '-latest')
ListInstalledPackages
}
RemoveList=( )
LatestPackagesList=($(rpm -qa *latest |grep -v perl-latest|sort))
for LatestPackage in "${LatestPackagesList[@]}"; do
ProcessLatest
done
if (( ${#RemoveList[@]} > 0 )) ; then
echo urpme ${RemoveList[@]}
fi
exit

It creates a urpme command which can then be executed if you're happy
with it. (there may be line continuation problems in the above)
--
Grimble
Machine 'Handel' running Plasma 5.15.4 on 5.10.25-desktop-1.mga7 kernel.
Mageia release 7 (Official) for x86_64

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On Wed, 31 Mar 2021 06:30:01 -0400, Grimble <grimble@nomail.afraid.org> wrote:

David Hodgins posted a script some time ago. here it is:

Attaching it to this msg, as I'm pretty sure small attachments are allowed.
In this version the urpme command is actually run, so don't run it if you're not confident it will select the right packages, or add the "echo" in front
of the urpme command. I keep have it in /usr/local/sbin/oldkernelsrm on my systems.

Regards, Dave Hodgins

--
Change dwhodgins@nomail.afraid.org to davidwhodgins@teksavvy.com for
email replies.
------------gQB8mQdqMqYQpDrPnsJPGt
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=oldkernelsrm
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name=oldkernelsrm Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64

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William Unruh wrote on 21/3/21 1:10 pm:

On 2021-03-21, santo <nanci@auroville.org.in> wrote:

On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 20:39:23 -0500, Bit Twister wrote:

On Sun, 21 Mar 2021 01:30:46 +0000 (UTC), santo wrote:

Hi all,

Easy solution is to uninstall all un-needed kernels.

Easy ...sigh!...
:-)

I google how to uninstall un-neded kernels but I get answers only from
Ubuntu pages...

rpm -qa|grep kernel

Choose the ones you want to eliminate

urpme kernel-desktop-5.10.19-3.mga7-1-1.mga7 kernel-desktop-5.7.19-3.mga7-1-1.mga7
or whatever kernels you want to get rid of.

On my mga6 system, when I issue the command

rpm -qa|grep kernel

I get 10 responses. 8 are of the kernal-desktop type, e.g.

kernel-desktop-4.14.145-2.mga6-1-1.mga6

and the additional two are of the kernal-firmware type, e.g.

kernel-firmware-20170531-1.mga6
kernel-firmware-nonfree-20180606-1.mga6.nonfree

What is the difference between the 'desktop' kernals and the 'firmware' kernals??

As this is a Laptop computer I'm using, do I need one type and not the
other??
--
Daniel

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* Origin: A noiseless patient Spider (2:250/1@fidonet)

On 07.04.2021 at 15:36, Daniel65 scribbled:

On my mga6 system, when I issue the command
=20
rpm -qa|grep kernel
=20
I get 10 responses. 8 are of the kernal-desktop type, e.g.
=20
kernel-desktop-4.14.145-2.mga6-1-1.mga6
=20
and the additional two are of the kernal-firmware type, e.g.
=20
kernel-firmware-20170531-1.mga6 kernel-firmware-nonfree-20180606-1.mga6.nonfree
=20
What is the difference between the 'desktop' kernals and the
'firmware' kernals??

Those are not kernels. Those are firmware blobs that are loaded by the
kernel in order to be able to aptly use certain hardware =E2=80=94 graphics adapters, Ethernet or WiFi adapters, and so on. =20

They are loaded into the kernel via the initramfs, and their version
number means that they are intended to be used with the kernel of the
same version number. =20


--=20
With respect,
=3D Aragorn =3D


--- MBSE BBS v1.0.7.21 (GNU/Linux-x86_64)
* Origin: A noiseless patient Strider (2:250/1@fidonet)

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On Wed, 07 Apr 2021 01:36:18 -0400, Daniel65 <daniel47@eternal-september.org> wrote:

What is the difference between the 'desktop' kernals and the 'firmware' kernals??

The kernel firmware packages contain firmware images (binary files supplied by the manufacturer) that, at boot time, replaces the code stored in firmware chips on
various types of hardware. It's a way used to avoid having to flash the firmware
on the hardware that uses the code.

Some wifi chips will not work without it. Most other hardware that has firmware files will work without the firmware file, but with fewer features or with unfixed
known bugs.

It's called kernel firmware instead of just firmware, as the firmware files are loaded early in the boot and used by the kernel to control the hardware.

As this is a Laptop computer I'm using, do I need one type and not the other??

There are three kernel flavours. Desktop, Server and desktop586.
See https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Kernel_flavours

When I install a kernel update, after booting into it and ensuring it works ok with my hardware, I remove the older kernels, keeping just the one currently running, and one older one, just in case I notice a problem later with the current
one.

Save the attached script, as root, copy it to /usr/local/sbin/oldkernelsrm, run "chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/oldkernelsrm", and then run oldkernelsrm. It will remove all kernels and associated packages except the last 2.

Regards, Dave Hodgins

--
Change dwhodgins@nomail.afraid.org to davidwhodgins@teksavvy.com for
email replies.
------------F2hsw25uq3pIHdcAmcGPwg
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=oldkernelsrm
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name=oldkernelsrm Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64

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On Wed, 07 Apr 2021 08:41:36 -0400, Aragorn <thorongil@telenet.be> wrote:

They are loaded into the kernel via the initramfs, and their version
number means that they are intended to be used with the kernel of the
same version number.

The version number is the date they were released upstream. They are used loaded
by the kernel during early boot to get the hardware to work properly, but are not tied to a specific kernel version.

$ rpm -q -i kernel-firmware-nonfree
Name : kernel-firmware-nonfree
Version : 20210310
Release : 1.mga7.nonfree
Architecture: noarch
Install Date: 2021-03-10T14:26:00 EST
Group : System/Kernel and hardware
Size : 448112349
License : Freeware
Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2021-03-10T12:58:37 EST, Key ID b742fa8b80420f66 Source RPM : kernel-firmware-nonfree-20210310-1.mga7.nonfree.src.rpm
Build Date : 2021-03-10T12:32:30 EST
Build Host : localhost
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : tmb <tmb>
Vendor : Mageia.Org
URL : https://www.kernel.org/
Summary : Non-free firmware files for the Linux kernel
Description :
This package contains all the firmware files without an open source
license but used by the in-kernel drivers.

The files are shared by all kernels.

Other non-free firmware files are contained in the radeon-firmware, iwlwifi-firmware, ralink-firmware and rtlwifi-firmware packages.

Open source firmware files are contained in the kernel-firmware
package in the core section.

Regards, Dave Hodgins

--
Change dwhodgins@nomail.afraid.org to davidwhodgins@teksavvy.com for
email replies.

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David W. Hodgins wrote on 7/4/21 10:33 pm:

On Wed, 07 Apr 2021 01:36:18 -0400, Daniel65 <daniel47@eternal-september.org> wrote:

What is the difference between the 'desktop' kernals and the 'firmware'
kernals??

The kernel firmware packages contain firmware images (binary files
supplied by
the manufacturer) that, at boot time, replaces the code stored in
firmware chips on
various types of hardware. It's a way used to avoid having to flash the firmware
on the hardware that uses the code.

Some wifi chips will not work without it. Most other hardware that has firmware
files will work without the firmware file, but with fewer features or
with unfixed
known bugs.

It's called kernel firmware instead of just firmware, as the firmware
files are
loaded early in the boot and used by the kernel to control the hardware.

As this is a Laptop computer I'm using, do I need one type and not the
other??

There are three kernel flavours. Desktop, Server and desktop586.
See https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Kernel_flavours

When I install a kernel update, after booting into it and ensuring it
works ok
with my hardware, I remove the older kernels, keeping just the one
currently
running, and one older one, just in case I notice a problem later with
the current
one.

Save the attached script, as root, copy it to
/usr/local/sbin/oldkernelsrm, run
"chmod a+x /usr/local/sbin/oldkernelsrm", and then run oldkernelsrm. It
will remove all kernels and associated packages except the last 2.

Regards, Dave Hodgins

Thanks, Dave. I've saved the file *AND* saved your last para as a txt
doc so I'll know what to do with it!! ;-)
--
Daniel

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* Origin: A noiseless patient Spider (2:250/1@fidonet)

Aragorn wrote on 7/4/21 10:41 pm:

On 07.04.2021 at 15:36, Daniel65 scribbled:

On my mga6 system, when I issue the command

rpm -qa|grep kernel

I get 10 responses. 8 are of the kernal-desktop type, e.g.

kernel-desktop-4.14.145-2.mga6-1-1.mga6

and the additional two are of the kernal-firmware type, e.g.

kernel-firmware-20170531-1.mga6
kernel-firmware-nonfree-20180606-1.mga6.nonfree

What is the difference between the 'desktop' kernals and the
'firmware' kernals??

Those are not kernels. Those are firmware blobs that are loaded by the kernel in order to be able to aptly use certain hardware — graphics adapters, Ethernet or WiFi adapters, and so on.

They are loaded into the kernel via the initramfs, and their version
number means that they are intended to be used with the kernel of the
same version number.

Thanks for that, Aragorn.

For those who have been around here a long time, this HP laptop has had problems (on and off) connecting to the Internet via a 3G USB Dongle.

Back in August, 2009, my then ISP wrote a script to enable my
MandrivaLinux 2009 to connect via the Dongle, but I wasn't able to get
MGA3, 4 or 5 to connect at all ;-(, but then, shock horror, MGA6 was
able to connect via the Dongle, straight out of the box ;-) , but then
after an update (mid-2018, I think) MGA6 wasn't able to connect ;-( .

But Win7 just kept on connecting! ;-)

So could/would my MGA3, 4, 5 and 6(updated) problems have been caused by
some change to those 'firmware' files??

(Just FYI, because the Telco that provided that 3G system has closed
that 3G system, I'm now connecting via local Wi-Fi to a box connected to
my 'phone line!!)
--
Daniel

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